![]() It is challenging to define due to a wide spectrum of abnormalities to the ocular surface and a variety of presenting symptoms that can change from day to day and from patient to patient. Given a complex presentation and a variety of signs and symptoms, it would be beneficial if there was an inexpensive, readily available, and reproducible diagnostic test for dry eye.ĭry eye disease is one of the most common reasons why a patient visits an eye care professional. ![]() Other patient considerations include clinical examination for lid margin disease and presence of lagophthalmos or blink abnormalities. Patient-specific considerations involve relevant history of autoimmune disease, refractive surgery or use of oral medications, and allergies or rosacea. Emerging technologies include meniscometry, optical coherence tomography, tear film stability analysis, interferometry, tear osmolarity, the tear film normalization test, ocular surface thermography, and tear biomarkers. Other methods are the Schirmer test, tear function index, tear break-up time, and functional visual acuity. Current methods of diagnosis include a slit-lamp examination with and without different stains, including fluorescein, rose bengal, and lissamine green. Signs can include punctate epithelial erosions, hyperemia, low tear lakes, rapid tear break-up time, and meibomian gland disease. Dry eye is one of the most commonly encountered problems in ophthalmology.
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